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Are influenza and the common cold caused by the same virus?

November 13, 2009

Influenza and the common cold are caused by a virus but not the same one. Influenza is a much more serious infection of the respiratory tract. A person infected with influenza can develop serious complications such as pneumonia that may lead to death. Even someone with a mild case can take weeks to recover.

The influenza virus is spread in the air when an infected person coughs, sneezes or speaks. The virus can be transferred from person to person or sometimes people become infected by touching something that is contaminated with the virus (doorknob, bank machine, light switch) and then touching their mouth or nose.

Adults may be able to infect others one day before symptoms develop and up to seven days after being infected. You may be infected with influenza even if you do not exhibit symptoms.

The symptoms of influenza develop suddenly and include:

  • fever
  • cough
  • body aches
  • extreme fatigue.

The common cold comes on more gradually with sneezes and sniffles and rarely involves the whole body. Both illnesses may have symptoms such as loss of appetite and a sore throat. A cold usually resolves itself within two weeks; however, influenza’s effects can last longer. Influenza is caused by a virus so treatment with antibiotics does not work. Antibiotics are used for treatment of bacterial illnesses.

Thorough, frequent hand washing with soap and water is the most important way to prevent infection. Cover your nose and mouth when you cough with a tissue or with the sleeve of your shirt. Choose yearly immunization as your best defense in protecting yourself and others from influenza and its complications. Influenza can be devastating to people with weaker immune systems. Protect yourself and those around you by getting immunized.

For more information about symptom management, or for available programs and services, contact Health Link Alberta where nurses are available 24-7 to provide health advice and information. Call 1-866-408-LINK (5465) or 780-408-LINK (Edmonton area) or 403-943-LINK (Calgary area).